By Rob Foulkes and Daniel Litvin

For a country with the world’s second largest oil reserves, Canada until recently received little attention on the global energy security agenda.

Canada’s enormous resources – an estimated 175 billion proven barrels of oil – are almost all in the form of oilsands, a mixture of sand and thick, oily bitumen which can be upgraded to “synthetic crude”. They were not attractive while “lighter” and more easily accessible oil was freely available elsewhere.

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