Shielded from public view by their giant rivals BHP Billiton and AngloAmerican, a cluster of small Canadian firms has quietly revolutionised African mining.

Known as “juniors”, in reference to their small and specialised nature, large numbers of Canadian firms helped to spearhead an African mining boom in 2003-2008 that accompanied record high commodity prices.

Whereas the largest mining houses span each stage of the process from prospecting to processing, many juniors specialise in just one mineral type or function, such as exploring remote areas of terrain.

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